Liver and Biliary Tract Diseases :
Liver and biliary tract diseases encompass a spectrum of disorders affecting the liver, bile ducts, and gallbladder. The liver plays a crucial role in metabolism, detoxification, and nutrient storage, while the biliary tract is responsible for the secretion and transport of bile—a digestive fluid essential for fat digestion. Conditions within this category include hepatitis, cirrhosis, liver cancer, gallstones, and primary sclerosing cholangitis, among others. These diseases can arise from various causes, including viral infections, alcohol abuse, autoimmune disorders, genetic predispositions, and metabolic disorders. Symptoms may range from mild discomfort to severe complications, such as jaundice, abdominal pain, fatigue, and liver failure, necessitating prompt diagnosis and treatment.
1. Congenital anomalies :
alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency Wilsons disease
2. Acquired diseases :
Hepatitis Alcoholic liver disease Fatty Liver Disease Cirrhosis Liver Cancer Hemochromatosis
Liver and biliary tract diseases represent a significant global health concern, with varying prevalence rates across different regions and populations. Chronic hepatitis B and C infections are among the leading causes of liver disease worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where access to healthcare and prevention programs may be limited. Additionally, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly recognized as a prevalent condition, closely linked to obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. The burden of liver and biliary tract diseases extends beyond individual health, impacting healthcare systems and economies through healthcare expenditures, loss of productivity, and associated complications. Addressing these diseases requires a multifaceted approach, including vaccination programs, lifestyle interventions, early detection, and comprehensive management strategies to reduce the global burden and improve outcomes for affected individuals.