Oral Cavity Disorders:
The oral cavity, comprising the mouth, teeth, gums, and tongue, is integral to various functions such as eating, speaking, and breathing. Oral cavity disorders encompass a wide range of conditions affecting these structures, including dental caries (tooth decay), periodontal disease (gum disease), oral cancer, and oral infections. Dental caries, commonly known as cavities, occur when bacteria in the mouth produce acids that erode tooth enamel, leading to decay. Periodontal disease involves inflammation and infection of the gums and surrounding tissues, often resulting from poor oral hygiene and plaque buildup. Oral cancer refers to malignant growths in the mouth, lips, tongue, or throat, with risk factors including tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption, and HPV infection. Additionally, oral infections such as candidiasis (oral thrush) can occur, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems.
1. Acquired diseases :
Gingivitis Dental Caries Aphthous Ulcers Oral Candidiasis Leukoplakia Erythroplakia
The prevalence of oral cavity disorders varies globally, with dental caries and periodontal disease ranking among the most common health conditions worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), dental caries affect billions of people globally, with untreated cavities posing significant health risks such as pain, infection, and tooth loss. Similarly, periodontal disease is widespread, affecting a substantial proportion of the global population and often leading to complications such as tooth mobility and eventual tooth loss if left untreated. While oral cancer comprises a smaller proportion of oral cavity disorders, its impact on morbidity and mortality underscores the importance of early detection and prompt treatment. Overall, promoting oral hygiene practices, regular dental check-ups, and public awareness initiatives are essential in addressing the prevalence of oral cavity disorders and improving oral health outcomes worldwide.